Tourism in Berlin

Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, and one of the States of Germany six years, it is also the largest city in Germany in terms of population. Berlin is one of the "US" the three cities of the Federal Republic of Germany (along with Premnohamburg), and the label comes from the fact that the city limits are the same as the borders of the state. Berlin is also the second largest city in the European Union after London.

During the Cold War period, specifically in 1961, the East German government has constructed what was known as the Berlin Wall. Thus Berlin became a city divided into two parts: Western part followed West Germany and the other follows the east of East Germany. The case remained in Berlin as such until the fall of the Wall in 1989 and German unification in 1990, was chosen after the Berlin Asmagmehoria Federal Republic of Germany and the center of government and parliament, and one of the most important European cities.

History

Berlin was formed from the merger of two settlements that are currently located in the Museum Island, and Berlin, which lies on the north bank of the River Spree, and which Cklhma back to the third century AD. Has been noted for the first time to the settlement in the twenty-eighth of October, AD 1278, and in 1307 was the unification of the two settlements, ie, Berlin, to result in one city.

Following the disturbances that occurred in 1451 AD, a member of the Electoral Council, Prince Friedrich II declared that Berlin will be home to the official residence. Berlin suffered more than once from the outbreak of the fire, plague and war, was not destined to enjoy prosperity and stability, but under the rule of Friedrich (1640-1683). It was in his Berlin fortify and build the first luxury buildings. One can form good idea about it through the walk along the Unter den Linden boulevard, one of the main boulevards in the center of Berlin.

Berlin headquarters of the royal residence

In 1701 AD, following the culmination of a member of the Electoral Council, Prince Friedrich III as King Frederick I of Prussia, has been relaxed state they were in the city of Berlin, has become the headquarters for the establishment of property and capital of the state, and have seen during this period, the construction of several luxury buildings. Berlin has evolved to become the largest industrial city in Russia, especially in the period between the years 1740 - 1786 AD and during the rule of both King Friedrich Wilhelm I (Friedrich Wilhelm I) (nicknamed Warrior King) and heir Friedrich II (nicknamed Friedrich the Great).

In the years 1806 to 1808, Napoleon's troops occupied the city of Berlin after the Nations battle in Leipzig in 1814, was that era saw the re (Quadriga), a vehicle with four horses, which Napoleon had removed them, to place on top of the Brandenburg (Brandenburg) gate. Over the following decades, the (Schinkel) the construction of a number of classical buildings, while the (Lenné) creates spaces and a wide promenade.

The capital of the German Empire

Berlin census population totaled 800,000 during the founding of the German Empire in 1871. After the coronation of Wilhelm I (Wilhelm I) in Prussia (1861-1888 AD) emperor of Germany, Berlin became the capital of the new German Empire. By the year 1895 arrived in the city's population to more than 1.5 million people. Following Germany's defeat in World War I, he sent last emperor of Germany, which Wilhelm II (Wilhelm II) (1888 - 1918), into exile.

Caused heavy defeat of Germany in World War I broke out in a serious crisis for both Germany and Berlin, and resulted in the founding of the first German Republic. In spite of the economic difficulties and unrest in Germany in the era of the twenties, Berlin flourished at all levels and became the capital of culture in Europe. When Tkadd Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Berlin has seen a campaign of arrests of Jews, communists, homosexuals and political opponents and others, and acknowledging little delusions of grandeur that seized Hitler at that time, the activities of the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin was launched in 1936. When World War II began in the first of September 1939, the number of Berlin's population has grown to 4.5 million people. The bombing caused witnessed in Berlin in 1943, which led to a fall in the hands of the Allies on the eighth of May 1945 AD, to the destruction of at least one-third of historical buildings and landmarks of the city

Reconstruction and division

After the end of World War II, Berlin was divided into four sectors. The eastern sector of the city took place under the control of the Soviets, while the south-western sector of the city has undergone under the control of the Americans, while Britain seized control of the western part of France and the north-western part of the city.

When the German Democratic Republic was founded in the seventh of October 1949, East Berlin, capital of the Democratic Republic of Germany has become, and the government at the time to move the location of the eastern half of the city.

In the thirteenth of August 1961, decided the German Democratic Republic, the construction of a wall around the city to prevent residents in areas under its control to move to other German regions, was launched on the wall label "Berlin Wall". Since then, it has become impossible for the residents of East Berlin to visit relatives or friends living in West Germany. The home at the time a lot of votes against the construction of the wall. After a visit by US President John F. Kennedy. Kennedy to Berlin in 1963, the democratic government of Germany has allowed a limited program for the granting of permission to travel, and are waiting area spacious in the main train station b (Friedrichstra & szlig; e) known as the "Palace of Tears" (Tr & auml; nenpalast).

The collapse of the Berlin Wall and the reunification process

On the night of the ninth of November 1989, the Berlin Wall was demolished unexpectedly after several months of infiltration of the citizens of the German Democratic Republic to the West via Hungary and the Soviet Union. Berlin and other German cities celebrated this event, and since that moment became citizens of what was known as the German Democratic Republic travel again can.

Following the official reunification of Germany in the third of October, 1990, Berlin was chosen to be the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. Since the year 1999, Berlin became the new seat of the federal government and the center of German politics. The Parliament has, as of the nineteenth of April 1999, to hold its meetings in the old Reichstag (Reichstag building), which was designed by architect Norman Foster, and became a glass dome created by one of the most important landmarks attractions of the city.

Geography

Berlin is located to the east of Germany in the middle of Europe, about 70 west of the border with Poland km. Where the cross is located on the line of 52 degrees and Whisker 13 degrees, between the plains of Barnim and Tiltov. Sounding River (German: Spree) runs through the historic city center, and in West Berlin was hurt in Alhavl River, which in turn is a lake of Lake Tegel and large vans. Mandate Brandnburgthit Berlin from all sides. Highest Heights city up to 115 meters above sea Stkh.

Terrain

Constitute Valley Berlin and Warsaw Oorsteromtal (German: Berlin-WarsawUrstromtal) of flowing water as a result of the melting of the ice sheets at the end of the Ice Age. On this day, the river flows Sounding (German: Spree) in this valley. In Spando area (German: Spandau) meet my Sounding River (German: Spree) Havel River (in German: Havel), which floats from north to south in the western side of the Berlin; where passes Havel many Menen Lakes largest Altigailrtse (German: Tegeler See) and Algrossr Fantasy (German: Gro & szlig; er Wannsee). It also feeds a series of lakes that pass through Lake Grosser Mogletsa (German: Gro & szlig; er Müggelsee) in East Berlin, the top section of the River Sounding (German: Spree).

Large parts of Berlin stretches today on low plateau on both sides of the valley Sounding (Spree Valley). The highest elevations in Berlin are Tovsbrg (German: Teufelsberg) and Moglberg (German: Müggelberge), with a height of each of the hills about 115 meters. In fact, Tovsbrg (German: Teufelsberg) is an artificial hill problem of debris left by the Second World War (World War II).

Climate

According to the system Cobain climate classification (German: K & ouml; ppen), Berlin is of the same moderate heat areas. Be warm summer range in which the heat from the upper grades 22-25 degrees Celsius and the minimum up to 12-14 degrees Celsius. The winter cold temperatures shall be high up to 4 ° C and lower reaches - 2 ° C. The weather is generally in the spring and autumn between cold and mild, as temperatures are higher in the built-up area of ​​about 4 ° C than in the surrounding areas as a result of the heat stored in the buildings.

The annual precipitation of 570 mm rainfall rates on a moderate form of precipitation during the year, while light rain to snow mainly from the month of January to March / March happen, but snow cover does not usually remain for a long time.

Culture and Entertainment

Berlin is characterized by a large number of cultural facilities, many of which enjoy wide reputation around the world. The bio-diversity, who enjoyed by those present led to a permanent evolution and distinction between the cities of other major cities niche. The art scene in the city varied greatly, Fberlin home to more than 420 showroom; and this has made many young artists and global Germans choose to Berlin a place to settle the Baali permanently. Berlin has emerged in Europe as a center of youth and popular culture. It raised signage for this permanent role development is the announcement that was in 2003, and that the annual Alpopkom Popkomm Conference, the largest conference in the field of the music industry, will move to Berlin survival after 15 years in Cologne. After this short period of each of the world's Universal Music Group decided Music Group and MTV transfer of key positions and the main studio to imagesetter Sounding Spree River. In the year 2005, the city of Berlin won the award "Design City" by UNESCO.

Shopping in Berlin

Kurfurstendamm Street and appear in the church's anniversary

If Berlin was a cultural and tourist par excellence city, it is also the most famous shopping destinations in the world, attracts every year a large number of those who Aabua that they leave without shopping stores, and especially that of shopping in a private pleasure, because it will be able to roam between historic buildings while you are buying your needs .

Unique to Berlin that there are many shopping venues, ranging from urban shopping streets of the old traditional atmosphere and ending centers and commercial shopping streets of modern, each representing a scientist yourself has its own character, but the common feature in these malls is the combination of shops, boutiques, restaurants, and cafes.

For example, consider the legendary Kurfurstendamm Street (German: Kurfürstendamm), which is called short street Codam ((German: Ku'damm), one of the largest and most popular shopping venues in the German capital Berlin, where he runs from the zoo to the Charlottenburg district, an area of ​​about three kilometers, and lined with old and luxurious historic buildings, along with a number of large shops that sell the most famous international brands.

Fredrastrasé Street

Like all the other shopping streets, Kstreet Fredrastrasé (German: Friedrichstrasse), decorated with "Codam" in the Christmas season adultery to give him the lights and colors festive special character, and the stalls of wood to provide hot drinks, and smells of the popular German cuisine for the occasion, along with the types of sweets and forms of chocolate, not to mention the diverse gifts holidays.

One of the main shopping areas in Berlin, including the following:

Corvhorstandam: also known as Street Codam (German: Ku'damm), and passes to the Lake Church anniversary Halinza (German: Halensee) is what distinguishes the beginning of the line villas groups in West Berlin. The upper floors teeming with fashion houses and is a shopping paradise for all ages.

Mite district (Mitte): It is a well-known neighborhoods in the center of Berlin, and is dotted with numerous shopping centers and fashion houses, especially in Hakeshi Market area.

Hakicher Market (Hackescher Markt): The area surrounding Bhakicher Market (German: Hackescher Markt) the perfect place for fashion, there are a number of the myriad of shops, clubs, bars and galleries. Among these there Alhakeshi Hovh (German: Hackesche H & ouml; fe) a month for the night district of Berlin, a newly renovated area teeming Balsuah. A network of 8 headquarters designed and include more complex to live in Germany and Alaml.oaattabr. Built in the late eighteenth century and includes offices, workshops, factories and apartments.

Potsdamer Platz Square

Bustdamr Square (German: Potsdamer Platz) is one of the most vibrant places in the twentieth century, and later became a symbol of the sad city divided; the rebuilding of the neighborhood in full after the year 1995, after the fall of the Berlin Wall and later became a symbol of renewal. Bactmalh constructive form Bustdamr city within a city being a site where I realized the principles of a variety of urban planning from Alguenr twentieth and twenty-century atheist. Bustdamr passes through the day about 70,000 people; where the presence of the train station on the outskirts where Bustdamr restored to its traditional place as the hub of the city. Opened in the heart of Berlin and consists of three floors and includes shops selling shoes, jewelry and clothes for international designers. To the west of Alpsotdamr located Alklcservorm (German: Kulturforum), which includes Agheimaldgaleri (German: Gem & auml; ldegalerie), surrounded by the new National Museum (German: Neue Nationalgalerie) and Alprlinr Philharmonie (German: Berliner Philharmonie).

Occasions and celebrations Berlin

The cities of Berlin, which calls for one's attachment to them, they are the main destination for many of the daily entertainment programs and festivals large; where will be held throughout the year in which many of the events, festivals, cultural, artistic and entertainment; Among the most famous of these festivals are:

* Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale - Berlinale)

Tourist Guide to Europe